An economic investigation of the wind-hydrogen projects: A case study

Hydrogen as an energy carrier can play a significant role in reducing environmental emissions if it is produced from renewable energy resources. This research aims to assess hydrogen production from wind energy considering environmental, economic, and technical aspect for the East Azerbaijan province of Iran. The economic assessment is performed by calculation of payback period, levelized cost of hydrogen, and levelized cost of electricity. Since uncertainty in the power output of wind turbines may affect the payback period, all calculations are performed for four different turbine degradation rates. While it is common in the literature to choose the wind turbine based on a single criterion, this study implements Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques for this purpose. The results of Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis illustrates that economic issue is the most important criterion for this research. The results of Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment shows that Vestas V52 is the most suitable wind turbine for Ahar and Sarab cities, while Eovent EVA120 H-Darrieus is a better choice for other stations. The most suitable location for wind power generation is found to be Ahar, where it is estimated to annually generate 2914.8 kWh of electricity at the price of 0.045 $/kWh, and 47.2 tons of hydrogen at the price of 1.38 $/kg, which result in 583 tons of CO₂ emission reduction.     

潮流能水平轴水轮机在剪切来流下的水动力分析

采用基于计算流体力学方法的全尺度数值模拟计算,建立了适用于潮流能水轮机模拟的剪切来流环境,通过数值计算结果,对潮流能水轮机随时间变化的宏观力和流场特征进行了系统分析,探索水轮机在复杂工况下的水动力特性规律。结果表明,水轮机整个叶轮的总体平均受力在剪切流工况中未受到明显影响; 单个叶片的瞬态轴向力系数和瞬态轴向扭矩系数在旋转周期内出现了明显的周期性变化,且周期性变化幅值随转速增大而增大; 非定常的瞬时轴向扭矩和力的周期性振荡容易引起单个叶片的结构性振动,可能对水轮机的机械结构造成影响。     

A simple model for deep dynamic stall conditions

The present study is focused on modeling of dynamic stall behavior of a pitching airfoil. The deep stall regime is in particular considered. A model is proposed, which has a low implementation and computational complexity but yet is able to deal with different types of dynamic stall conditions, including those characterized by multiple vortex shedding at the airfoil leading edge. The proposed model is appraised against an extensive data set of experimental (α,C_L) curves for NACA0012. The results of an existing widely used model, having comparable complexity, are also shown for comparison. The proposed model is able to well reproduce not only the classic curves of deep dynamic stall but also the curves characterized by lift oscillations at high angles of attack due to the shedding of multiple vortices. Furthermore, the model appears to be robust to variations of its parameters from the optimal values and of the airfoil geometry. Finally, the model is successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software and applied to the simulation of a vertical axis wind turbine within the actuator cylinder approach. The accuracy of the prediction of the turbine power coefficient in the whole rotation cycle is very good for the optimal working condition of the turbine, for which the model parameters were calibrated. Fairly good accuracy is also obtained in significantly different working conditions without any further calibration.     

烟气轮机叶片寿命的影响因素和评估方法

合理准确预测烟气轮机叶片寿命,是催化裂化装置安全运行的必要保障。文章研究了影响烟气轮机叶片疲劳寿命的因素;评述了叶片疲劳寿命评估方法;选取并介绍了适合烟气轮机叶片寿命的评估方法;阐明了目前存在有关叶片寿命的关键问题。     

小浪底水电站水轮机稳定运行技术措施

小浪底水电站位于黄河中游,多年平均含沙量高,水头变幅大。为减轻泥沙对水轮机的磨损,水轮机在水力设计、机械结构、抗磨蚀、密封等方面采取了一些非常规措施。经过几年的运行实践表明,小浪底水电站采取的这些技术措施效果良好,值得运行于多泥沙河流的水电站借鉴。     

应用改进BP网络对潼关高程的预测

作者在分析了影响汛前和汛后潼关高程变化值的因素的基础上，利用改进BP网络模型对非特征汛期和汛期潼关高程的变化值进行了计算。计算中不采用潼关的绝对高程，而用高程的变化量作为网络的较出物正量，从而减少计算误差，同时又能客观地考虑各影响因子的作用。改进后的BP模型学习时间短，精度满足要求。用该模型计算的潼关高程变化趋势与实际水库调度运行中的高程基本吻合。     

烟气轮机叶片应力分析与寿命评估方法评述

烟气轮机是炼油厂催化裂化装置的关键设备,合理预测叶片疲劳寿命是保障烟机安全运行的有效手段。从力学建模和边界条件两个方面简要阐述了叶片的应力分析方法,并系统分析了影响烟机叶片疲劳寿命的主要因素,提出了利用改进的局部应力应变法进行叶片寿命预测的合理性和叶片疲劳寿命的评估方法。     

渣油中硫化物类型分布与化学转化性能

用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）定量研究了Athabasca渣油及其加氢裂化渣油，流化焦化渣油中的硫化物类型，用超临界流体萃取分馏将3种渣油分别分离成9－14个窄馏分及残渣，测定其中的硫醚，噻吩，亚砜和砜类硫原子的分布，讨论了加氢裂化和热裂化反应脱除硫化物的反应性能。     

烟气轮机特殊状态下的保护

从烟气轮机超速的极限开始 ,分别按照阀门的关闭时间为 1 .5s和 6s的两种典型状态 ,对烟机在联轴节断裂等特殊工况下的超速情况进行了分析。最后 ,对烟气轮机在特殊工况下的保护提出了建议。